by Alberto Esquenazi, MD, Robert DiGiacomo, PT.

Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Albert Einstein Healthcare Network, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

The principles of amputee rehabilitation, from preamputation to reintegration into the work force and community, are reviewed. The authors discuss exercise techniques, training programs, and environmental modifications that have been found to be helpful in the rehabilitation of the amputee. The exercise programs presented here are divided into four main components: flexibility, muscle strength, cardiovascular training, and balance and gait. The programs include interventions by the physical, occupational, and recreational therapist under the supervision and guidance of a physician.

J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2001 Jan;91(1):13-22.